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This feature contains data of the predicted probability of capture estimates for freshwater fish in New Zealand, based on the data of Crow et al. (2014). |
| summary:
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This feature contains data of the predicted probability of capture estimates for freshwater fish in New Zealand, based on the data of Crow et al. (2014). |
| extent:
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[[166.263794049682,-47.4152049282198],[179.4627226146,-34.2755438495894]] |
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Data created by NIWA under contract to Department of Conservation. This feature complied by Nicholas Dunn and Julian Sykes - Department of Conservation and NIWA respectively. |
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thumbnail/thumbnail.png |
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1.7976931348623157E308 |
| typeKeywords:
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["ArcGIS","ArcGIS Server","Data","Map Service","Service"] |
| description:
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<DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;">Predicting distributions of New Zealand freshwater fishes</SPAN></P><P><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;">Executive summary</SPAN></P><P><SPAN><SPAN>The New Zealand Freshwater Fish Database (NZFFD) and the River Environment Classification (REC1) were used to generate spatial predictions of freshwater fish probability of capture across New Zealand. These predicted data have assisted with various management decisions throughout New Zealand, but a recent updated version of the REC (REC2) required these predictions to be recalculated. NIWA was contracted by the Department of Conservation to update the previous probability of capture models calculated by Leathwick et al. (2008) using REC2. Additionally, the present study checked and corrected all assignments of NZFFD records to REC1 segment identifiers and assigned NZFFD records to an REC2 segment identifier. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P><SPAN><SPAN>Previous attempts to match each NZFFD record with the correct NZReach identifier strongly suggested that the process could not be fully automated. Subsequently, we adopted an incremental approach, using existing data sources to automate as many quality-checks as possible, but also to highlight records where there was any evidence of ambiguity in the assignment of the REC1 and REC2 identifiers to NZFFD cards. Any ambiguous assignments were then manually checked and reassigned as appropriate. We then used Regularized Random Forest (RF) models to relate fish presence to 86 predictor variables that described environmental conditions, spatial arrangement and hydrological variation. These predictors included all of the key variables previously identified by Leathwick et al. (2008). To reduce the influence of sampling method on the results we completed separate analyses for each fishing method for each species, where sufficient data were available. For range-restricted non-diadromous fishes we predicted the probability of capture for all of New Zealand and the probability of capture only within their known range of occurrence. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P><SPAN><SPAN>Area Under Curve (AUC) was used as an indicator of model performance that accounted for correctly predicting an observation by chance. AUC values for all models indicated very high predictive performance. Across all models in the present study, AUC values averaged 0.91 suggesting that the models correctly predicted the observed values in 91% of cases. Diadromous fish models using electric-fishing data predominantly used predictors relating to altitude, temperature and distance from the ocean to predict fish capture. Non-diadromous fish models predominantly used predictors relating to spatial location, average slope of the segments downstream, upstream January temperature and distance to ocean. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P><SPAN><SPAN>Species models were likely to contain sampling bias in the predictions given that some aspects of the sampling methodology could not be included in the predictions. Separate models were generated for longfins and brown trout with different fishing methods, but we suggest utilising the electric-fishing models primarily for these species. This is simply because there is a higher number of observations utilised for electric-fishing models. If the end-user is interested in alternative predictions using the other sampling methods, then these should be considered in combination with the electric-fishing models. Compared to the previous REC1 analysis of Leathwick et al. (2008), the present study displayed very similar predictive performance. Overall the present study displayed slightly higher AUC values for species with high levels of prevalence (i.e. longfins and shortfins), but slightly lower AUC values for species with lower prevalence (i.e. non-diadromous species). This may be because of differences between the statistical methods or the datasets used. Although the differences between the AUC values between the present study and Leathwick et al. (2008) are small, combining the results of the two analyses would maximise the predictive accuracy of fish capture for New Zealand.</SPAN></SPAN></P><P><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;">Crow, S.K; Booker D.J.; Sykes, J.R.E.; Unwin, M.J.; Shankar, U. 2014: </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;">Predicting distributions of New Zealand freshwater fishes. NIWA Client Report CHC2014-145. 100 p</SPAN><SPAN>.</SPAN></P><P><SPAN STYLE="font-style:italic;">Leathwick, J.R., Julian, K., Elith, J., Rowe, D.L. 2008: </SPAN><SPAN STYLE="font-weight:bold;">Predicting the distributions of freshwater fish species for all New Zealand's rivers and streams. NIWA Client Report HAM2008-005. 56 p. </SPAN></P><P><SPAN /></P></DIV></DIV></DIV> |
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<DIV STYLE="text-align:Left;"><DIV><DIV><P><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">Disclaimers</SPAN><SPAN> </SPAN><SPAN>(The Department of Conservation DOC) and (The National Institute of Water and Atmosphere, NIWA)</SPAN></P><P><SPAN>1. While all care and diligence has been used in collecting, processing, analysing, and extracting data and information in this database, </SPAN><SPAN>DOC/</SPAN><SPAN>NIWA</SPAN><SPAN /><SPAN>make no express or implied warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of the data or information, nor its suitability for any purpose. Errors are inevitably part of any database, and can arise by a number of means, from errors during field data collection, to errors during data entry. </SPAN></P><P><SPAN>2. </SPAN><SPAN>DOC/</SPAN><SPAN>NIWA</SPAN><SPAN /><SPAN>makes no warranties or representations as to possible infringement upon copyrights or other intellectual property rights of others in the data or information. </SPAN></P><P><SPAN>3. </SPAN><SPAN>DOC/</SPAN><SPAN>NIWA</SPAN><SPAN /><SPAN>will not accept liability for any direct, indirect, special or consequential damages, losses or expenses howsoever arising and relating to use, or lack of use, of the data or information supplied.</SPAN></P><P><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">Guidelines for Use of the Information</SPAN></P><P><SPAN><SPAN>4. We recommend that users exercise their own skill and care. Care should be taken in deriving conclusions from any data or information supplied. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P><SPAN><SPAN>5. We recommend that users carefully evaluate the accuracy, currency, completeness, and relevance of the material for their purposes. Any use of the data or information supplied should state when the data or information was acquired and that it may now be out-of-date. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P><SPAN STYLE="text-decoration:underline;">Copyright Obligations</SPAN></P><P><SPAN><SPAN>6. All proprietary rights to the intellectual property in the data or information remain with the Crown as its sole property. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P><SPAN><SPAN>7. Modification of the data and information or the addition of the information does not confer copyright or any other form of property of the original material to a user. </SPAN></SPAN></P><P><SPAN><SPAN>8. All maps or reports that are derived from the data or information must acknowledge the Crown copyright, in the following way: </SPAN></SPAN></P><P><SPAN><SPAN>CC-BY ATTRIBUTION Crowncopyright ©. Copyright material on this database is licensed under the </SPAN></SPAN><A href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/nz/" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN><SPAN>Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand licence</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN>. In essence, you are free to copy, distribute and adapt the work, as long as you attribute the work to </SPAN><SPAN>The Department of Conservation or The National Institute of Water and Atmosphere </SPAN><SPAN>and abide by the other licence terms. Please note that neither the </SPAN><SPAN>NIWA logo no</SPAN><SPAN>r </SPAN><SPAN>the New Zealand Government logo may be used in any way which infringes any provision of the </SPAN><A href="http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1981/0047/latest/whole.html" STYLE="text-decoration:underline;"><SPAN><SPAN>Flags, Emblems, and Names Protection Act 1981</SPAN></SPAN></A><SPAN>or would infringe such provision if the relevant use occurred within New Zealand. Attribution to</SPAN><SPAN>The Department of Conservation or</SPAN><SPAN /><SPAN>The National Institute of Water and Atmosaphere </SPAN><SPAN>should be in written form and not by reproduction of the </SPAN><SPAN>NIWA logo</SPAN><SPAN /><SPAN>or New Zealand Government logo.</SPAN></P><P><SPAN /></P></DIV></DIV></DIV> |
| catalogPath:
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| title:
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NZ fish predictions Crow REC2 2014 |
| type:
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Map Service |
| url:
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| tags:
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["New Zealand","freshwater fish","predicted distribution","probability of capture","REC2","River Environment Classification","NZFFD","New Zealand Freshwater Fish Database","freshwater","fish"] |
| culture:
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en-NZ |
| name:
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NZ_fish_predictions_Crow_REC2_2014 |
| guid:
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F8219E46-D2ED-442E-B4A3-50C23C9B5772 |
| minScale:
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0 |
| spatialReference:
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NZGD_2000_New_Zealand_Transverse_Mercator |