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   "description": "<DIV STYLE=\"text-align:Left;font-size:12pt\"><DIV><DIV><P STYLE=\"margin:0 0 11 0;\"><SPAN><SPAN>With the exception of the Hauraki Gulf Marine Park, these five marine areas are classified as a Type 2 Marine Protected Areas under the MPA Protection Standard (<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>Ministry of Fisheries and Department of Conservation, 2008)<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, as they provide sufficient protection from the adverse effects of fishing. These include the <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>Ngā Motu/Sugar Loaf Islands Marine Protected Area<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, Mimiwhangata Marine Park, Fiordland Marine Management Area, and the Ross Sea region Marine Protected Area. <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><A href=\"https://www.doc.govt.nz/nature/habitats/marine/other-marine-protection/\" STYLE=\"text-decoration:underline;\"><SPAN STYLE=\"text-decoration:underline;\"><SPAN>Other marine protection tools: Marine (doc.govt.nz)<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/A><\/P><UL STYLE=\"margin:0 0 0 0;padding:0 0 0 0;\"><LI><P STYLE=\"margin:0 0 11 0;\"><SPAN><SPAN>The Hauraki Gulf Marine Park/Ko te Pataka kai o Tikapa Moana Te Moananui a Toi, established in 2000, is the largest marine park containing more than 50 islands- some of which are sanctuaries for endangered species, including 6 marine reserves, the Ramsar wetland site at the Firth of Thames, 4 Cable and Pipeline Protection Areas and encompasses both Auckland and Waikato east coast Regions. Unlike the other marine protected areas on this map, several forms of commercial fishing and dredging and disposal are allowed in areas of the park, though plans are currently being reviewed to increase protection, especially of benthic areas (Waikato Regional Council 2017). <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/LI><LI><P STYLE=\"margin:0 0 11 0;\"><SPAN><SPAN>The <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>Ngā Motu/Sugar Loaf Islands Marine Protected Area<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><SPAN><SPAN>, formerly a Marine Park, gained more protection in 1991 to exclude oil exploration. Recreational rod fishing and commercial trolling for kingfish and kahawai are allowed, all other methods are banned. <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/LI><LI><P STYLE=\"margin:0 0 11 0;\"><SPAN><SPAN>The Mimiwhangata Marine Park, established in 1984, has limited recreational fishing to certain gears and certain species and commercial fishing has been banned since 1994. <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/LI><LI><P STYLE=\"margin:0 0 11 0;\"><SPAN><SPAN>The Fiordland Marine Management Area/Te Moana o Atawhenua, established in 2005, contains 10 marine reserves bordering the Fiordland National Park as well as blue cod closures and various fishing restrictions including a total set net ban. <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/LI><LI><P STYLE=\"margin:0 0 11 0;\"><SPAN><SPAN>The Ross Sea region Marine Protected Area, established in 2017, has three zones with differing restrictions: General protection zone with no commercial fishing; Special research zone with limited fishing for krill and toothfish; Krill research zone with controlled research fishing for krill.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><\/LI><\/UL><P><SPAN><SPAN>Source: <\/SPAN><\/SPAN><A href=\"https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/53499-type-2-marine-protected-areas-2016-report/\" STYLE=\"text-decoration:underline;\"><SPAN STYLE=\"text-decoration:underline;\"><SPAN>https://data.mfe.govt.nz/layer/53499-type-2-marine-protected-areas-2016-report/<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/A><\/P><P><SPAN><SPAN>Waikato Regional Council. 2017. Sea Change - Tai Timu Tai Pari: Hauraki Gulf Marine Spatial Plan Waikato Regional Council, Hamilton, New Zealand.<\/SPAN><\/SPAN><\/P><P><SPAN><SPAN /><\/SPAN><\/P><P><SPAN>Last updated: 21 October 2016<\/SPAN><\/P><\/DIV><\/DIV><\/DIV>",
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